The Sudan and Terrorism Essay - 1313 Words

The current government of Sudan led by the Arab leader Omar el-Bashir can be blamed for the terror and conflict that enveloped Sudan in the last decades. Omar el-Bashir has always been criticized for only defending and acting on the interests of the Arab Muslims located in the Northern Sudan while ignoring the Christians and Animist population in the south. The conflict that unfolded in these regions along with violence, hostility and dislocation of many people can be connected with the reign of the Arab leader in Sudan. Indeed, this reigning group or culture in Sudan affected not only the Sudanese but also other states in the region and the international community in general, most especially the United States since their reign produced†¦show more content†¦Other more lucky Sudanese resettled in the United States, Egypt and Kenya (CIA, 2011). As stated, Sudan is not exclusively a haven of conflict between Muslims, Christians, and pagans. It is also a haven for the breeding and training of regional and international terrorists. The poor and conflict-ridden Sudanese territories are ideal grounds for terrorists operations. Since 1993, Sudan was designated by the United States as a state that sponsors terrorism. Today, it remains of the list along with other six countries of Iran, Iraq, Cuba, Libya, Syria and North Korea (U.S. Embassy, 2011). Primarily, this is because of the failure of Sudan to respond to numerous repeated requests for information on many suspected training sites, safe houses and other activities of the terrorists in their area. It was concluded that Sudan houses and supports terrorist groups and other radical organizations such as Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Hamas, Islamic Jihad, Hizbollah, Algerian FIS, Al-Nada, etc. (Blurr Collins, 2003). As a result, Sudan suffered from numerous ec onomic and financial sanctions from the United States and the United Nations. Nevertheless, it is important to note the significant improvements and developments that were achieved in the last decade on the United States war on terrorism after Sudan entered a bilateral dialogue on counter-terrorism with United States in 2000. The bilateralShow MoreRelatedTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1377 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism in Sudan In the past, Sudan had been designated as a State Sponsor of Terrorism regarding support for international terrorist groups. However, Sudan has changed its approach ever since the 9/11 attacks has been aiding the United States in diminishing the pervasiveness of terrorist groups in Sudan, and in the world. Recently, Sudan has remained cooperative with the United States in its war on counter terrorism. Sudan has taken many preventive measures to keep these terrorist groups outRead MoreTerrorism Is Global Issue That Have Occurred Around The World? Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism are global issue that have occurred around the world. It happened between countries and countries or even in the civil wars. Because of venerating the religious beliefs, some terrorists groups used terrorism to defense and propagandize their goal to the world. Until now, Al-Qaeda and their allies are known as one of the strongest and dangerous terrorist groups. They were killing people who showed opp osed ideas over their beliefs; furthermore, in their religious ideal, the terrorists groupsRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Terrorism1245 Words   |  5 Pages Since terrorism has taken the impact of globalization it is leaving the world in a war of terror and a desperate effort to unite against the growing terrorist groups. After the numerous, tragic world wide events stemmed by terrorism such as: 9/11, bombing of the London subway, and the Beslan school hostage crisis, the world has vastly changed its’ mentality of dealing with the future. The globe is forced to unite against an emerging threat, and is conjointly cutting funding for terrorism throughRead MoreA Weekly Training Session 1 Embargo Sanctions1525 Words   |  7 Pageswe all need to be clear on what sanctions regimes are and how they are set out. Financial and Trade Sanctions are part of a package of measures applied by individual countries, International Organisations or Regional Bodies to fight aggression, terrorism, criminal behaviour or violations of human rights. These Sanctions measures are intended to motivate change in behaviour by the individual, regime or jurisdiction or to deprive terrorist and criminal of access to funds. The UK government definesRead MoreThe War On Terror ( Wot )1582 Words   |  7 Pages The War on Terror (WoT), also known as the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), refers to the international military campaign that started after the September 11 attacks on the United States.[47] U.S. President George W. Bush first used the term War on Terror on 20 September 2001.[47] The Bush administration and the western media have since used the term to argue a global military, political, legal, and conceptual struggle against both organizations designated terrorist and regimes accused of supportingRead MoreThe War On Immigration : The United States1285 Words   |  6 PagesScherlen, â€Å"Immigration, Refugees, and American Security†, Fact vs Fiction). The Executive order created a ban against six different Middle Eastern countries from travelling or immigration to the United States that consisted of Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. The original term for this was the Muslim Ban which resulted in a press conference to defend our president Donald Trump for his vulgar usage of the term banning a religion instead of a country. Iraq was also a part of the list ofRead MoreThese various groups are united in their desire for regime change – Sudanese people, who suffer800 Words   |  4 PagesThese various groups are united in their desire for regime change – Sudanese people, who suffer under the weight of terrorism, murder and starvation, displacement and genocide for the past 30 years have decided to revolt against their suppressors. They went out demonstrating in the streets, but the thugs of the government inundated their hands in the blood of the victims they slaughtered and murdered. Internet services are cut off and newspapers are confiscated and offices of news channels andRead MoreAl Qaeda Terrorist Group1239 Words   |  5 Pageshis immediate family and his loyal band of followers moved to Sudan. In 1994, the Saudi government revoked Bin Ladens citizenship for his opposition to the Saudi government. While in Sudan, Bin Laden established businesses, paved roads, built an airport, and created training camps to supply out of work mujahedin or holy warrior with jobs. As the Sudanese relations with the United Stated improved in 1996, the government of Sudan asked Bin Laden to leave the country. Enraged, Bin Laden returnedRead MoreThe Politics Of The United States1548 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States; Donald Trump signed an executive order immediately suspending America’s refugee program, and barring entry from any people from the following seven countries: Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen. This decision was immediately met with global outrage, with many people and politicians alike lambasting President Trump, labeling his order as ‘discriminatory’ and ‘un-American’. Though it is easy to be consumed by the social dogmaRead MoreTerrorism : The Threat Of Terrorism Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages The Threat of Terrorism in the U.S. Thomas McBrien Prof. Tomlinson FCIQ-101 Terrorism is a major, growing concern throughout the United States. Terrorism comes in different forms and also has different motives. The most common motives for terrorist attacks in the United States are different political and religious views. The United States is also a targeted country because they are very involved in other nations. As the terrorist threat continues to rise, the United States must have

The Time Management Skills That Helped - 907 Words

The first thing that we did in this class that helped the most was creating a planner that included the dates given in all our class syllabuses. This helped me the most since my math class has homework due twice each week, so having a planner allowed me to not confuse the idea that 2.1 is due on Thursday instead of Tuesday. This also helped me with thinking about how much time I have until the next project is due. Other time management skills that helped was goal setting and learning better study skills. The goal setting that helped was realizing what a SMART goal is; Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic/Relevant, and Timely. For this semester, I was able to realize that unlike High School where I could set a goal of getting As and Bs, in college this is unrealistic. My new goal became that I would like to get a grade at or above a C+ and if my grade started dropping before the end of the semester, I would ask the teacher about the topic I was not understanding before the test came. Getting help is also a great study skill, which for myself involved going to Supplemental Instruction Tutoring sessions each week for Statistics, which involved a teachers’ assistant that went over harder topics such as Z-tables vs. T-tables. This made my test grades increase and the SIT session also applies to outside of class resources that we learned about in this class. The activity of a treasure hunt for those resources especially helped since I had not known were the write cite wasShow MoreRelatedPersonal And Career Development Program1144 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past 24 weeks, the Personal and Career Development program and the internship helped me learn a lot about myself. The professional path helps me gained more confidence and experience and has given me a substantial opportunity to discover my practical and management skills. As a result, I learned about my thinking approach, decision-making ability, capacity, and time management skills. I become mor e confident in communicating with others, how to discuss and make effective decisions whileRead MoreSample Resume For A Canadian Experience Being An International Student1070 Words   |  5 Pagesyour field internship objectives. The objective behind doing this internship was: †¢ To get Canadian Experience being an International Student. †¢ To understand how accounts are maintained in the company and to learn about management practices. †¢ Develop the communication skills and channels. †¢ To get familiar with working style in Canada. †¢ To work and addition involvement in the field in which I want to construct better profession. †¢ enhancing both my individual and professionalRead MoreProject Management : Application Of Knowledge, Skills, Tools, And Methods1493 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific time, within budget, and according specification. Project management is a method and a set of techniques based on the accepted principles of management used for planning, estimating, and controlling work activities to reach a desired end result on time- within budget and according to specification (Wysocki, R.K. 2007). Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet project requirements (PMI, Project Management Body ofRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And The Social Sciences1671 Words   |  7 Pagesworkplace more exciting and effective. This class is more than a subject for me as it helped me to experience the different views of my peers. There is no doubt that, this subject is an eye opener for me that gives value to my work ethics and understandings. Before beginning to learn the subject, there were so many unknown factors that required clarifications in my work life. An in-depth analysis in this subject helped me to gain a thorough understanding of different areas like leadership qualities,Read MoreWhat I Learned At The Early World Of My Life923 Words   |  4 Pageslearned at the early stages of my life. Since childhood, I have been fascinated to explore the world of computers. My schooling at one the top most schools provided me enough exposure to technological world very early in my life. This caught my eye and helped me choose and pursue my field of interest. For me motivation is learning or getting influenced by others. I was motivated in early stages of life after facing lot of challenges, emerging victorious, and building my goals. My mother is an importantRead MoreInternship Report On The Internship1702 Words   |  7 PagesContents INTRODUCTION 2 THE ORGANIZATION 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 6 Project Management Skills 6 Communication Skills 7 Client and Corporate Citizen Skills 7 Discipline specific skills 7 PROJECT EXPERIENCE 9 Data Management 9 Reporting Dashboards 10 Custom Analytics 10 Innovation 10 OBSERVATIONS LEARNINGS 11 REFERENCES 13 â€Æ' INTRODUCTION The following report describes the activities carried out during a 10 - week, full-time internship at Audience Partners, PA. The document contains informationRead MoreInterpersonal Signs Of Conflict1429 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Conflict management Introduction Conflict is defined as a disagreement that occurs between two or more parties that are involved in an activity which leads to perceived threats to their needs, concerns or interests. Conflict is a normal phenomenon in life and it provides numerous opportunities for growth and understanding of the experiences that shape life. Interpersonal conflict occurs between two or more people within one setting such as in an organization or work team ADDIN EN.CITE Barki2001294(BarkiRead MoreMy Experience At Nulook Bounce N Party1063 Words   |  5 Pagesservices and indoor party packages for clients who desire loads of excitement and a memorable experience. During my internship at Nulook Bounce-n-Party, I completed certain responsibilities and tasks. These tasks strengthened my management skills, multimedia art skills, and my patience with many individuals, and increased my knowledge in the business industry. I engaged myself in various communications through telephone, and physical interactions with clients and employees. I also engaged in playtimeRead MorePersonal Statement : Leadership, And Time Management859 Words   |  4 Pagesthis semester in psychology are: assertion, leadership, and time management. At the beginning of the semester my assertion level was in the develop stage. I was not able to clearly communicate my thoughts to others in an effective way that promoted a better understanding of my feelings. I am typically a shy individual when I am introduced to people I have never met I am not able to properly communicate with them. After improving on this skill level; I am able to make conversation with people not onlyRead Mo reField Placement Reflection Report : Humber Business School1396 Words   |  6 PagesField Placement Reflection Report Humber Business School Global Business Management Placement Coordinator – Viji Prakash Employer: Position: Objectives: Describe your field internship objectives. The objective behind doing this internship was: †¢ To get Canadian Experience being an International Student. †¢ develop Connections and building my systems administration channel. †¢ To learn and get information about the Canadian Accounting framework. †¢ To work and addition

Essays Free Essays

Response to Literary Text Grade 9 Prompt: After reading Animal Farm by George Orwell, choose two major historical figures, such as Tsar Nicholas II, Vladimir I. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Stalin, and Hitler, and explain how they were involved in the Russian Revolution (Do NOT write about both Stalin and Hitler). How are these men represented by characters, such as â€Å"Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jones,† â€Å"Old Major,† â€Å"Snowball,† and â€Å"Napoleon† in the book? Provide at least two examples from the text for each character that reveals how the character is similar to the historical figure. What did you like about Animal Farm and what did you find disturbing about it? Prewriting: (worth 5 points of essay grade): Animal Farm, written by George Orwell, is connected to the Russian Revolution, which was also known as the Bolshevik Revolution. On a paper labeled â€Å"prewriting,† record the results of your research. Your five definitions should be at least three sentences long. Russian Revolution * Bolshevik * Moscow Choose two of the following (Do NOT write about both Stalin and Hitler) * Tsar Nicholas II * Vladimir I. Lenin * Leon Trotsky * Joseph Stalin * Adolf Hitler Essay (worth 20 points) prompt: After reading Animal Farm by George Orwell, choose two major historical figures, such as Tsar Nicholas II, Vladimir I. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Stalin, and Hitler, and explain how they were involved in the Russian Revolution (Do NOT write about both Stalin and Hitler). How are these men represented by characters, such as â€Å"Mr. Jones,† â€Å"Old Major,† â€Å"Snowball,† and â€Å"Napoleon† in the book? Provide at least two examples from the text for each character that reveals how the character is similar to the historical figure. What did you like about Animal Farm and what did you find disturbing about it? Final Response to Literary Text draft should include evidence of the following: Focus: characterization: how has the writer’s development of characters elped to make clear the significance of the theme? Language: imagery, research inclusion, and word choice: how the writer’s use of these elements achieves effects in the composition. Structure: how the writer creates an effective lead, thesis sentence, and reflection within the essay. Format: paragraph one – introduction; paragraph two – first man you select; paragraph three – second man; paragraph four – Who represented ea ch man in the novel and why? ; paragraph five – what you liked and found disturbing. How to cite Essays, Essays Essays Free Essays string(2132) " with gusto she unaware of herself cries aloud the name Govinda her sweetheart A wonderful portrait of a loveladen heart of a village girl Methinks the the heifers donot low at the place fair at Mathura They lowed whhen she was carrying her milk product and setting out for Mathura Then the Jamuna and the boat journey with her comrades and finally at Mathura at the fair and at the temple Thus four vignettes one after another pass by before our minds eye The prayer at the temple is very touching Because it is for achieving nothing great May all the gods protect us That is all Just as the naive boatman when encounters the godhead incarnated as goddess Annapurna in Bharatchandra only prays that her should remain well fed That is all These simple folks are very much unlike us They dont want to be a scholar or a scientist or a president Bush Me thinks that the truly Indian attitude towards life along with the breeze of the month of Shravan blows through the poem Mind you the poem has some riddles in it to ponder over The curds are as white as the clouds in the clear sky But the time when Radha crosses the Jamuna is Shravan when there no white clouds But Radha fails to announce the good quality of her curds Because the blue clouds of the month of Shravan seem to engross her Again it is Shravan to Radha when her comrades want to don saffron robes in harmony with the spring time So many seasons at the same time draws my attention Thuis all the seasons are subjective Jamuna flows between the place where Radha stays and the place where Radha works for money Jamuna is a chasm between the two worlds —-one where love reigns and the other where exc hange reigns The way you have interpreted milk is quite convincing Indeed it is from the villages that energy flows to rejuvenate the life in the cities On another level Go vinda might mean the centre of the earth or universe or the source of all light Of course Radha is the symbol of the earth Her heart is full of the longing for the skies There you read the myth of Gaia and Ourania Dyaus and Prithivi And you have legitimately brought Sita and Radha together\." SONG OF RADHA, THE MILKMAID —text and critical study by Mandira Chattopadhyaya Labels: Literary Criticism I carried my curds to the Mathura fair†¦ How softly the heifers were lowing†¦ I wanted to cry, â€Å"Who will buy The curds that is white as the clouds in the sky When the breezes of Shravan are blowing? † But my heart was so full of your beauty, Beloved, They laughed as I cried without knowing: Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! How softly the river was flowing! I carried the pots to the Mathura tide†¦ How gaily the rowers were rowing! My comrades called, â€Å"Ho! Let us dance, let us sing And wear saffron garments to welcome the spring. And pluck the new buds that are blowing. † But my heart was so full of your music, Beloved, They mocked when I cried without knowing: Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! How gaily the river was flowing! I carried my gifts to the Mathura shrine†¦ How brightly the torches were glowing! I folded my hands at the altars to pray â€Å"O shining ones guard us by night and by day†- And loudly the conch shells were blowing. We will write a custom essay sample on Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now But my heart was so lost in your worship, Beloved, They were wroth when I cried without knowing: Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! Govinda! How bright the river was flowing! Substance of the poem Radha, the milkmaid is carrying curds to Mathura (Krishna’s birthplace) where the spring festival is going on. Cows are lowing softly in the fields. Radha, wishing to give out her trade cry to sell her curds that is as white as the autumn clouds, instead, calls out My Lord! My Lord! Everybody laughs. The river Jamuna flows on softly, as if appreciating her chant. Radha reaches the bank of the river to cross by the ferry boat. Her female companions want to wear the saffron garments, the color of spring, and want to sing and dance and pluck the new buds. Radha’s heart swells with the music of her Beloved Lord Krishna. She cries in ecstasy when others humor her. The river Jamuna flows on joyfully regardless. Radha reaches, with her gifts of curds, the temple, where the torches are brightly burning. She folds her hands to pray to the deity, encircled by snakes, and prays for protection while the conch shells are blown. Her heart is lost to the vision of her Beloved Lord and she calls out the name involuntarily. Others become angry. But the river Jamuna flows on while her water dazzles in the light of the torches. A critical estimate of the poem The title of the poem transports us to another world, to an environment of fertility and abundance. Mother Nature abounds the earth with the flow of her liquid. This white liquid symbolizes affection and nurturing of life. Radha, the daughter of Mother Nature carries the liquid of life and growth to all living beings. Mathura is her destination where Krishna, the Divine Musician holds everybody mesmerized with his mystic presence. The heifers herald her arrival to Mathura where she will pour into the pots the liquid which she has brought- energy and power from the mother Earth. It is worth noticing that Sita, the other daughter of mother Earth also represents all that stand for productivity. Mathura is here the center of life and abundance. While the cow is the species, that represents the flow of life and abundance. Radha feeds and nurtures life. Even the clouds in the sky, white and creamy, are part of the resources of life. The clouds and breeze together produce rain to awash the earth with the energy and moisture that coaxes the dormant vitality into life energy. The time of the year should also be noted. It is the time of incessant rain, the month of Shravan (August- September), when the life- giving moisture bursts forth. Radha’s heart wavers from her task in hand. She yearns for her union with Divine Musician, a presence that encompasses every soul of Mathura. She is absorbed, heart and mind, in his mystic presence and the trade cry she is supposed give out does not come to her lips- only the name of Govinda, the Omnipresent, the Omniscient and the Omnipotent, coming spontaneously from her heart, reverberates. The poet, here, juxtaposes the two conceptions, the flowing of the river and Radha’s yearning for a communion with Krishna. Radha is presented in the poem in the first person. In the first stanza she refers to the commodity she is carrying. Her mind is somewhat attached to the earthly duties and nature of her work. Even in her surroundings she hears the cry of the heifers, an animal she connects with her trade. In the second stanza, her mind is drawn towards the joy and gaiety of nature. She feels the abundance in her heart Life is flowing everywhere. Dear Mantu We are nown drawn to Indian English literature and your attempt at decoding Sarojini is a wonderful effort to that end Yes Indian English literature could be successful only when India breathes through the language of the Teutonic school and here is an instance of success Ihave read your substance and critical comments with great interest and I have a few reflections on the poem that I submit before you Firstly Idont think that there is any clue in the text wherefrom we could infer that Krishna is at Mathura when Radha comes there Secondly though Vrindavan has not been mentoioned here it is clear that Radha comes from elsewhere to Mathura to sell her milk product She comes from the other side of Jamuna She comes from her village Mathura is a trade centre and town The poem on the surface dwells on a maid who comes to the town for selling milk product But her head is full of Govinda So instead of paying attention to her etting and spending and instead of giving her trade cry with gusto she unaware of herself cries aloud the name Govinda her sweetheart A wonderful portrait of a loveladen heart of a village girl Methinks the the heifers donot low at the place fair at Mathura They lowed whhen she was carrying her milk product and setting out for Mathura Then the Jamuna and the boat journey with her comrades and finally at Mathura at the fair and at the temple Thus four vignettes one afte r another pass by before our minds eye The prayer at the temple is very touching Because it is for achieving nothing great May all the gods protect us That is all Just as the naive boatman when encounters the godhead incarnated as goddess Annapurna in Bharatchandra only prays that her should remain well fed That is all These simple folks are very much unlike us They dont want to be a scholar or a scientist or a president Bush Me thinks that the truly Indian attitude towards life along with the breeze of the month of Shravan blows through the poem Mind you the poem has some riddles in it to ponder over The curds are as white as the clouds in the clear sky But the time when Radha crosses the Jamuna is Shravan when there no white clouds But Radha fails to announce the good quality of her curds Because the blue clouds of the month of Shravan seem to engross her Again it is Shravan to Radha when her comrades want to don saffron robes in harmony with the spring time So many seasons at the same time draws my attention Thuis all the seasons are subjective Jamuna flows between the place where Radha stays and the place where Radha works for money Jamuna is a chasm between the two worlds —-one where love reigns and the other where exc hange reigns The way you have interpreted milk is quite convincing Indeed it is from the villages that energy flows to rejuvenate the life in the cities On another level Go vinda might mean the centre of the earth or universe or the source of all light Of course Radha is the symbol of the earth Her heart is full of the longing for the skies There you read the myth of Gaia and Ourania Dyaus and Prithivi And you have legitimately brought Sita and Radha together. Regards Ramesh Dear Mandira, The beautiful poem -Songs of Radha the Milkmaid that you have selected from Sarojini Naidu’s book of poems incites me to share something. I, myself am very much fond of *Kirtana *-the art form that sings basically the lila of Radha and Krishna,particularly the *Biraha *portion when Krishna left Radha in Brindavan and himself went to Mathura to perform another duty and activities. Radha remained ever engrossed in the thoughts of Krishna and waited for his return. Whenever any cart etc. came from Mathura she rushed there in the hope that her beloved must have come back . But in vain. The love-lorn Radha became more sad. I am giving below a song that portrays this in a poignant manner; Piya tora kaisa abhiman Saghana sawan laye kadama bahar Mathura se doli laye charo kahar Nahi aye nahi aye Kesaria balma hamar Angana bara sunsan Apne nayan se neer bahaye Apne Yamuna khud aphi banaye Lakh bar usme nahaya Pura na hoi asnan Phir pura na hoi asnan Sukhe kesh rukhe besh Manua bejaan In this backdrop I would like to give my interpretation. Radha had not actually gone to Mathura . Rather in her inner mind flashed what would happen had she gone to Mathura fair, Mathura tide,Mathura shrine respectively. In the Mathura fair she would sell her curd. As Radha did not have any idea about the life style of Mathura -the capital city,hence she imagined that heifers would be there and they were lowing softly in the hope of the union of Radha and Krishna as they had done in Brindavan. Radha would not sell milk;in its stead curd. Why? Because her love for Krishna that hand turned from milk to curd in the absence of Krishna/Gobinda . But it remained as pure and white as the white cloud of the sky. But mind that though Shravan breeze were blowing yet the cloud was white. How is it possible? As because Krishna was not with Radha hence there was Shravan breezes blowing in her mind/sky . Radha would sell her product only to Krishna Her mind was full of pure love for Krishna;( i. e.. the white cloud). After shower the sky becomes clear. So happened in case of Radha’s mind. Unaware she uttered Gobinda! Gobinda. And even when her friends might laugh at her her pent up thoughts were released and her mind got a relief. Her conscious mind /the river started flowing softly. The other two stanzas may be similarly explicated. I resist myself to do that. Does it seem to be too far fetched . With love and with the hope to hear more from you. Dipika Dear Dipikadi, Thank you very much for your own interpretation of the poem. You are wonderfully lyrical and your point of view has added dimensions to the simple village girl’s vision of her divine Beloved. Please write your point of view on the other two stanzas too. best wishes Mondira In the second stanza, Radha imagined that she went to Mathura with her pot. Within the pot Radha might have taken her love ,her longing for Krishna The imagery of pot at once reminds us of the individual body that separates us/here Radha from the union of our own god /Krishna. As soon as the earthen pot breaks there will be the eternal union. In this context, the word Mathura tide has a special import. Just as due to the attraction of the Moon there comes the high tide in the river,similarly Radha’s mind and body- her heart and breast swelled up being attracted to Mathura where her beloved resides. But as high tide and ebb tide come and go in alternate manner,similarly Radha’s emotion, feelings and demeanour changed- now elated and the next moment depressed. While she thought of her union with Krishna there came the high tide. And there was all mirth and merriment. Merrily merrily the rowers, that is, her sweet memories were passing. There was abundance and abandon . At once spring came forth. Radha Krishna’s union is always associated with her *sakhis *-the comrades like the asto sakhis-Lolita ,Bisakha etc. Hence there appeared the comrades in colourful dresses . They were dancing, singing,plucking new buds to make garlands to greet the two beloved ones- Radha and Krishna. The new buds were blowing. How? There air blew gently. With this the flower plants also moved. As if the whole Nature took part and was happy with the union of Radha and Krishna. The entire stage bacame colouful and moving with coloufully clad comrades dancing,singing along with ever blowing new buds on the plants as well as on the hands of the sakhis. The sakhis wanted to wear saffron coloured dress. Why? Because Krihna was not there. At once the colour reminds us the Hindu sanyasi/nies who used to wear saffron coloured dress. This is the colour of mensturation of the holy mother. This colour means detachment from the hurly burly of the mundane world. And so Radha could not take part in any paltry day to day activity and not in any mirth and merry. At once we can hear the unheard sound -Krihna se to nei nei re. The ebb tide- the depressed mood of Radha prevailed . Her ears always heard Krishna’s music-Yeno nishi din murali dhani suni /Ujan bohe prem Yamunari bari /Nupuro hoye yano he Bonochari/Chorono jaraye dhore kandite pari/ Mamo madhuro minati sono Ganashyama Giridhari†¦. And Radha could not but cry out and utter Gobinda! Gobinda! The pent up emotion at once got released . And Radha’s mind became relaxed . And so did the river flow gaily. The high tide came instantly. In the third stanza we find Radha in a different mood. All passion being spent there was calm in mind. and in such a state on mind Radha imagined to visit the Mathura shrine. Rather now Radha was in a position to visit the Mathura shrine. If in the 1st stanza Radha ‘s conscious thoughts were described , it was on the surface level because the heifar used to gaze on the surface. nd Radha’s thoughts were moving softly like the soft lowing of the cows. But as soon as Radha uttered the word Gobinda her thoughts could delve deeper Her stream of cons ciousness started to flow softly . Thus then at once the setting changed from the land to river. In the 2nd stanza her thoughts went deeper. May be it touched the pre-conscious level . Because there in the 2nd stanza in the dream like situation Radha could face her carnal desire towards Krishna. The imagery of pot, the buds , the dancing ,singing river water with high tide and ebb tide etc. all are suggetive to something associated with sexual acts. See, Inthe first stanza Radha ‘s mind was full of Krishna’s beauty. Here she was con cerned of her beloved’s physical charm. But then the rowers came and rowed gaily and they were all mirth and mery ( may be Physical /sexual enjoyment were imaginatively faced. ) To face a desire four square means to become free of it. That is why in the second stanza Radha’s Mind became free from Physical desire rather she was concerned about Krishna’s sound. But the river i. e. the stream of conscous now moved gaily. The charm of sight and sound cannot last long. Hence shorn of carnal desires Radha’s love now can have the power to submit herself totally to her Beloved. Now neither her mind nor her body was disturbed . They had been burnt up and thereby emitting light and thus acting as torches. Radha’s was now fit to meditate. Hence Radha in her mind went to the shrine. There she could find those bright lamps of pure love that gathered their brightness through penance. She with folded hands prayed not for herself but for us-the humanity as a whole; may be for all sentient and insentient odjects under the Sun. She asked not the union of Krishna but the well being of all and sundry by day and night. When those pure lights protect, who could dare to do any harm? Such catholicity of mind was at once applauded by gods also and the sound of conch-shell was heard as a sign of it.. May be this was the sound of Panchajanya -the conch shell that Krishna blew in the Kurukshetra at the begining of the battle). But now it was blown to declare that Radha had successfully over come her mean self-centred desires and she became victorious. But the desires, which were termed as Mara in the Buddhist literatur e, may be here personified . So they( the personified desires) were wroth just after the sound of the conch-shell odviouly they were annoyed as because they were defeated in their schemes to ensnare Radha. And unknowingly Radha uttered Govinda! Govinda! And her stream of consciosness shorn of all impurities became a river of bright light. T his imagery of brightness reminds me the story of Ahalya who became bright through her penance when Ram visited her ( in Valmiki)/touched his feet ( in Krittivasa) on the place where Ahalya stayed and observed penance . Hard Penance made Ahalya a woman to be remembered every morning as per Hindu Sastra. Similarly Radha the eternal consort of Krisna is being worshipped through out Northen India for her selfless pure love for Krishna. Because now onwards ,we may easily guess thatRadha’s heart will ever remain lost in Krishna’s worship in contrast of her earlier heart full of krishna’s beauty, then her full of his music in the 1st two stanzas. We may easily imagine that now she can sit years after years in a meditative mood with her heart lost in Krishna’s worship . It is said that even today also Radha is waiting in Brindavan for her Beloved Krishna. How to cite Essays, Essays Essays Free Essays Josephine Reading Writing: Cerise 4B 02/28/13 Dependent on Computers Technology has a key role to many people in life. Like the computer, a contemporary production, that provides a lot of functions such as for work, entertainment, and schoolwork. People spend a lot of time using computers nowadays, and computers help us achieve many things conveniently and quickly. We will write a custom essay sample on Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have to do our homework and to watch new movies with computers. The computer is a very great invention in this generation. However, we should know whether we are too dependent on computers or not. Although people use computers to do many things in their lives because it is very conveniently, I believe that dependence on computers has many potential disadvantages. Using computers to work can decrease work efficiency. It is irrefutable that computers are a great help at work. Using internet ways to send the emails are better than using letters, because it can save more time at work. Whereas, people often watch Facebook or Twitter and talk with friends by MSN in the work so that they waste their time. According to Tagtmeier. 2010), â€Å"Finally, whether it is Facebook or Twitter, there is no overnight shortcut to creating a successful page or profile. Hard work and patience will always be a part of adding fans or followers. The critics out there may say that it is a wasted effort. † This will make people indulge in the Internet. Moreover, many students often spend too much time on computers to play games because it can make them relax and have fun. They reduce their press ure from working and relax their mood by playing games so that they can look forward to their future. Even so, people won’t want to hang out with their friends because they just need computers to meet friends. According to Weinstein. (2010), â€Å"Users may play compulsively, isolating themselves from other forms of social contact, and focus almost entirely on in-game achievements rather than broader life events. † They just want to meet friends in the virtual world, stay on the chair, and face the computer. Similarly, using computers can let people get harmful information or news. For instance, if an actor gets married in Taiwan, I can use the internet to know the news instantly in America because computers are very easy and convenient to access this information. However, it is easy to make people believe the information or news on the computer. According to Shier. (2005), â€Å"The 2003 National Survey of Student Engagement reported that 87 percent of students who completed the survey reported copying information directly from the Internet without properly citing the source ‘at least some of the time. † They may not recognize which one is real or fake, so it will affect their thinking and knowledge. I think we shouldn’t believe everything we see when we are using a computer. In conclusion, there are many disadvantages when we use a computer, and these things are very common to see. We are too dependent on computers, causing people to often use computers to watch Facebook and Twitter, to not want to hang out with their friends, and to easil y believe the information or news on the computer. Works Cited Shier, M. (2005). The way technology changes how we do what we do. New Directions For Student Services, (112), 77-87. Weinstein, A. (2010). Computer and Video Game Addiction—A Comparison between Game Users and Non-Game Users. American Journal Of Drug Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 268-276. doi:10. 3109/00952990. 2010. 491879 Tagtmeier, C. (2010). facebook vs. twitter. (Cover story). Computers In Libraries, 30(7), 6-10. How to cite Essays, Essays

Capital Punishment A Good Measure of Financial Cost Free Solution

Introduction Capital punishment is punishing of a person by the state as a discipline for wrongdoing. Law violations that can bring about capital punishment are known as capital wrongdoings or capital offenses. It get utilized as a part of social orders all through history as an approach to rebuff wrongdoing and smother political dispute. In many spots that practice the death penalty today, capital punishment is saved as discipline for planned homicide, reconnaissance, treachery, or as a major aspect of military equity. Many governments frequently endure the worst part of the death penalty costs and are especially troubled. A solitary capital punishment trial can deplete a province's assets. Government officials singing the commendations of capital punishment seldom address the topic of whether an administration's assets may be all the more adequately put to use in different strategies for battling wrongdoing. The essay will concentrate first on the part capital punishment plays in the monetary emergency confronting states and neighborhood governments. Besides, the report will outline the counterarguments of capital punishment issues. The financial cost on government Capital punishment cases are costly than other criminal cases and cost more than detainment for life with no plausibility of parole. It is demonstrated that a capital trial expenses cost more than a conventional homicide trial. Complex pretrial movements, long jury determinations, and costs for master witnesses are all prone to add to the expenses in capital punishment cases. The irreversibility of capital punishment obliges courts to take augmented due procedure in the readiness and course of the trial. The different sentencing period of the trial can take considerably more than the blame or purity period of the trial. Also, respondents are significantly more prone to demand a trial when they are confronting a conceivable capital punishment. After conviction, there are naturally commanded advances which include both arraignment and protection costs (Brooks, 2012). The vast majority of these expenses happen for every situation for which the death penalty is looked for, paying little mind to the result. In this way, the genuine expense of capital punishment incorporates all the included costs of the unsuccessful trials in which capital punishment is looked for yet not accomplished. Also, if a respondent is sentenced however not given capital punishment, the state will at present cause the expenses of life detainment, notwithstanding the expanded trial costs (Cole, Smith, DeJong, 2014). The Recession and the Death Penalty The impacts of the present monetary tasks on the criminal equity framework change, yet the ongoing theme has been reductions in discriminating zones. In a report by the American Bar Association, the equity framework in numerous parts of America is very almost collapsing because of lack of finance and unequal subsidizing. It is due to the very idea of undermining equity in US by an absence of satisfactory assets to work the very framework which has ensured the rights for more than two centuries (American Bar Association, 2014). The Cost to Local Governments An undeniably critical result of capital punishment is the devastating monetary weight it puts on governments. The current financial retreat has made it pass that there is no boundless government assistance. Areas, which endure the worst part of the expenses of capital punishment trials, are additionally the essential deliverers of neighborhood wellbeing and human administrations in the general population area. Hard decisions must be made among the requests of giving fundamental administrations, imaginative wrongdoing diminishment projects, for example, group policing, and the fiery quest for a couple capital punishment cases (Godwin, Tucker, 2013). Death penalty costs less than Life imprisonment Capital punishment by execution is exorbitantly lavish. The vast majority who support capital punishment trust it is more financially savvy than life in jail. Maybe at one time, when executions were quick and beyond any doubt, this may have been the situation. It is not currently. The postponement incorporated with the framework, more trial arrangement, longer time to get to trial, longer jury determinations and trials, significantly more convoluted and much more incessant advances, and nonstop movements, have expanded the expense of the death penalty. It is ordinarily the expense of keeping a detainee in jail forever (Kadir, Muhamad, 2012). Millions of dollars are spent to attain to a solitary capital punishment that, regardless of the possibility that forced, is unrealistic to be completed. Accordingly cash that the police urgently requirement for more viable law authorization may be squandered on capital punishment (Meltsner, 2011). Death penalty costs less than defense and prosecution costs The best expenses connected with capital punishment happens preceding and amid trial, not in post-conviction procedures. Regardless of the fact that all post-conviction procedures were annulled, capital punishment would even now be more extravagant than option sentences. Trials in which the prosecutor is looking for a capital punishment have two different and unmistakable stages: conviction and sentencing (Shearing, Johnston, 2013). More investigative expenses are for the most part caused in capital cases, especially by the indictment. At the point when capital punishment trials bring about a decision not as much as death or are switched, citizens first acquire all the additional expenses of capital pretrial and trial procedures and must then additionally pay either for the expense of detaining the detainee forever or the expenses of a retrial which regularly prompts a lifelong incarceration (Siegel, 2014). Capital punishment is considerably more lavish than existence without any chance to appeal on the grounds that the law obliges a long and complex legal procedure for capital cases. The procedure is required with a specific end goal to guarantee that honest men and lady are not executed for unlawful acts they didn't confer, and even with these assurances the danger of executing a guiltless individual can't be totally killed (Stack, 2013). Public safety At the point when confronted with high wrongdoing rates especially intolerable law violations, lawmakers and government powers frequently introduce the resumption of executions as a wrongdoing control measure, in spite of the absence of persuading confirmation of the hindrance impact of capital punishment on the general wrongdoing circumstance. Individuals and the society need to be shielded from wrongdoing; they need to live in more secure social orders (Wilson, 2013). Protect the community People favoring the death penalty fight that society ought to bolster those practices that will realize the best adjust over shrewdness, and the death penalty is one such practice. The death penalty advantages society on the grounds that it may stop rough wrongdoing. While it is hard to deliver direct confirmation to bolster this case, the individuals who are prevented by capital punishment do not confer homicides, sound judgment lets us know that if individuals realize that they will pass on in the event that they perform a certain demonstration, they will be unwilling to perform that demonstration (Worrall, 2014). Rest of society Studies reveal that the society has an ethical commitment to secure human life, not take it. The taking of human life is reasonable just in the event that it is an important condition to accomplishing the best adjust of great over malice for everybody included. Given the worth put on life and the commitment to minimize enduring and agony at whatever point conceivable, if a less serious distinct option for capital punishment exists which would fulfill the same objective, one is compelled by a sense of honor to reject capital punishment for the less extreme option (Zhong, 2013). Further, capital punishment is not important to accomplish the profit of shielding general society from killers who may strike once more. Locking killers away forever attains to the same objective without obliging us to take yet another life. Justice does not oblige us to rebuff kill by death. It just obliges that the gravest law violations get the severest discipline that our ethical standards would permit us to force (Kadir, Muhamad, 2012). Deterrence of future crimes The contention that the use of capital punishment deflects imminent wrongdoers from conferring crime is true. Despite the fact that policymakers and the general population can keep on backing for utilization of capital punishment on revenge, religion, or different defenses, protecting its utilization built singularly with respect to its obstruction impact is in opposition to the proof of deterring future crimes. The death penalty acts as a tool of scaring future crime offenders and cease from advocating for further crimes in the society. It is a successful method for tending to wrongdoing (Wilson, 2013). Scared from punishment The vast majority have a characteristic apprehension of death- it is a quality man need to consider what will happen before they act. All things being equal intentionally, one will consider it unknowingly. When one thinks of the killer who slaughtered somebody passed on in a flash owing to death penalty, the crime rate would be low on the grounds that it is nobodys preferences to die one cannot do this and can spare the lives of a large number of potential crime offenders (Stack, 2013). Repeat the crime Equity is basically a matter of guaranteeing that everybody is dealt with just. It is unreasonable when a criminal deliberately and wrongly delivers more prominent misfortunes on others than he or she needs to hold up under. In the event that the misfortunes society forces on hoodlums are not exactly those the crooks forced on their honest victimized people, society would be supporting culprits, permitting them to escape with bearing less expenses than their exploited people needed to tolerate. Equity obliges that society force on offenders misfortunes equivalent to those they forced on blameless persons. By exacting demise on the individuals who deliberately exact passing on others, capital punishment guarantees equity for all (Kadir, Muhamad, 2012). Counterarguments Unfairness In different occurrences, apparently impartial practices that allow prosecutors to bar individuals who have worries about capital punishment yet who, in fact can at present be reasonable members of the jury, brings about over-determination of racially one-sided legal hearers. Ethnic minorities, ladies and individuals of confidence have a tendency to have worries about capital punishment and the jury determination process known as death capability has a lopsided racial effect barring qualified individuals from serving as attendants (Siegel, 2014). Racially biased Racial disparities occur in death penalty. The race of the victimized person and the race of the litigant in capital cases are main considerations in figuring out why should sentenced pass on in a nation. In eighty two percent of the studies, race of the exploited person was found to impact the probability of being accused of capital murder or accepting capital punishment. The individuals who killed whites were more inclined to be sentenced to death than the individuals who killed blacks. Studies crossing over 30 years, covering basically every state that uses the death penalty, have discovered that race is a critical figure capital punishment cases (Stack, 2013). While the law qualifies capital respondents for a reasonable jury of their associates, reasonable legal hearers are barred due to race. In a few examples, unjustifiable prosecutors deliberately prohibit members of the jury in light of their race as a result of a false conviction that minorities can't decently serve as legal hearers and take after the law. Despite the fact that the law denies such deliberate segregation in light of race, the courts have been remiss in their requirement, and procedural hindrances time and again keep cases of predisposition from being listened (Worrall, 2014). Rebuttal Rule justly Wrongdoing exasperates the simple arrangement, for the criminal takes from individuals their lives, peace, freedoms, and common merchandise with a specific end goal to get undeserved profits. Merited discipline secures society ethically by restoring this simple request, making the wrongdoer pay a value proportional to the mischief he has done. This is revenge, not to be mistaken for requital, which is guided by an alternate thought process. In reprisal the whip is the prudence of artiness, which answers damage with harm (Shearing, Johnston, 2013). Retaliation is the main role of only discipline. The purposes behind is first and foremost, just discipline is not something which may or may not compensate insidious; requital is essentially what it is. Second, without just discipline fiendish can't be compensated. Third, just discipline obliges no warrant past remunerating underhandedness, for the reclamation of equity is great in itself... Thus, restoration, insurance, and discouragement have a lesser status in discipline than reprisal-they are optional (Stack, 2013). Waste money Capital punishment is significantly more costly than existence without the chance for further appeal in light of the fact that the law obliges a long and complex legal methodology for capital cases. This methodology is required so as to guarantee that blameless men and lady are not executed for law violations they didn't confer, and even with these assurances the danger of executing a honest individual cannot be totally killed (Shearing, Johnston, 2013). If capital punishment was supplanted with a sentence of parole, which costs millions less, the general society is ensured while wiping out the danger of an irreversible error, the cash spared could be spent on projects that really enhance the groups in which we live. The a huge number of dollars in reserve funds could be spent on: training, streets, cops and open security programs, after-school projects, medication and liquor treatment, child misuse anticipation programs, emotional wellness administrations, and administrations for wrongdoing exploited people and their families (Stack, 2013). Defense cost more than death penalty Even if many people who support capital punishment trust it is more practical than life in jail, a number of people educated about the subject will not concur that the postponement now incorporated with the framework, more trial readiness, longer time to get to trial, longer jury choices and trials, substantially more convoluted and significantly more incessant requests, and persistent movements, have expanded the expense of the death penalty so it is currently commonly the expense of keeping a detainee in jail forever. However, it costs essentially more to attempt a capital case to last decision than to attempt the same case as an exasperated homicide situation where the punishment looked for is existence without plausibility of parole (Worrall, 2014).

Accounting-Financial Statements free essay sample

Introduces the four financial statementsIncome Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, Balance Sheet, and Statement of Cash Flows. Accounting as the language of business is discussed along with an introduction of the various users of accounting information. Financial and Managerial accounting are compared. The four ways to organize a business – proprietorship, partnership, limited – liability company, and corporation, are discussed. An introduction and contrast of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is done. The Entity Assumption, Continuity (Going Concern) Assumption, Historical Cost Principle, and Stable – Monetary – Unit Assumption are explained. The accounting equation – Assets = Liabilities + Stockholder’s Equity is presented along with definitions and explanations of each component of the equation. A detail presentation of each of the four previously mentioned financial statements is given. Each account classification of the financial statements – assets, liabilities, stockholder’s equity, revenue, and expenses are thoroughly explained and examples of common account titles used are given. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting-Financial Statements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The process of evaluating a company through the use of the financial statements is shown. A discussion of business ethics in accounting decisions is done. An end of chapter summary problem emphasizes the preparation as well as understanding of the financial statements. An accounting vocabulary section explains all the new accounting terms. The End of Chapter Access Your Progress allows the student to determine how well he grasped the information presented in the chapter. Traditional exercises and problems solidify the student’s understanding of the material. Teaching Outline . Define a. Financial Accounting b. Managerial Accounting c. Contrast Financial and Managerial Accounting 2. Describe the users of financial information: a. Individuals b. Business Managers c. Investors d. Creditors e. Government Regulatory Agencies f. Taxing Authorities g. Nonprofit Organizations h. Other Organizations 3. Explain a. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) i. Generally Accepted Account ing Principles (GAAP) b. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) i. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) c. Compare GAAP and IFRS 4. Define and discuss Accounting Principles, Assumptions and Concepts a. Entity Assumption b. Continuity (Going Concern) Assumption c. Historical Cost Principle d. Stable Monetary Unit Assumption 5. Introduce the Accounting Equation a. Define and discuss common account titles: i. Assets ii. Liabilities iii. Stockholder’s Equity b. Define and discuss common account titles; i. Revenue ii. Expense iii. Retained Earnings c. Discuss Paid in Capital and Dividends 6. Explain and Prepare the Financial Statements a. Income Statement b. Statements of Retained Earnings c. Balance Sheet d. Statement of Cash Flows 7. Use Financial Statements to evaluate business performance a. Explain the relationship among the financial statements 8. Ethics in Business and Accounting Decisions a. The role of judgment in making decisions b. Economic factors c. Legal factors d. Ethical factors Key Topics The financial statements are actually reports on how well or poorly a business performed during a specified period of time. Chapter one actually presents the four basic financial statements and other relevant information that is needed to adequately prepare the financial statements. First one must understand that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) develops the rules and guidelines in the United States that must be adhered to in preparing the financial statements. These guidelines are known as the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) develops the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) which are the international or global standards. Exhibit 1-3 gives an overview of the joint conceptual framework of accounting developed by the FASB and the IASB. However, the SEC announced that it will soon require all American companies to adopt the IFRS. This adoption is currently slated to begin the initial phase in 2014 with all companies on board by 2016. The adoption of the IFRS by all American companies will facilitate the process of comparing financial statements of like industries globally. Also, it will eliminate the need of many companies to prepare several sets of financial statements. Accounting is often labeled as the language of business and there are external as well as internal users of accounting information. Individuals, investors and creditors, regulatory bodies as well as nonprofit organizations are just some of the noted users of the accounting information. The accounting information is expected to be accurate as well as timely in order to satisfy the need of the users. There are two different types of accounting that is needed by the users. They are Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting. Financial Accounting primarily provides information to the external users and managerial primarily serves the internal users. This information is used in each and every type of business organization. There is the sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, and the corporation. Each of these businesses differs as far as the form of ownership and other accounting details however, each is dependent on accurate and timely information in order to operate at the optimum level. There are some key accounting principles, assumptions, and concepts used in adequately preparing the accounting records. The first one discussed in this chapter is the assumption entity. This is the underlying assumption, which can be taken by the users of the financial statements, that a business is a separate economic entity. Each business is treated as a separate and distinct entity to enable the accountant to adequately measure the financial performance of the business. The Continuity (Going Concern) Assumption is also discussed here. This is the assumption that the business will continue to exist long enough to use the existing assets for their intended purpose. If the business does intend to continue to operate and employ the assets as intended, it does not have to be disclosed in the financial statements. However, if there is an intention not to continue to operate it must be disclosed somewhere in the financial statements. The Historical Cost Principle is presented such that one will understand that actual cost is used as the valuing system for all accounting transactions. Actual cost is verifiable as well as unbiased and therefore used to insure that the accounting records are prepared in a relevant as well as reliable manner. The Stable Monetary Unit Assumption is also presented in this chapter. This is the assumption that the purchase power of a dollar does not fluctuate. That is, one can purchase the same amount with a dollar today that he/she could a year ago. This assumption allows the accountant to ignore inflation and add or subtract dollars from varying years without adjusting for inflation. This is sometimes difficult for students to understand because they have seen inflation as well as lagging economies however, the professor can assure the student that if needed there is a system developed to reliably compare statements from varying years. That system, however, is taught in upper level accounting courses. After developing an understanding of this material the student is then introduced to the Accounting Equation. That is: Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity. It is imperative that the student understand the importance that this equation plays in preparing the financial statements. This equation presents the resources of a company as well as the claims on those resources. One must also note that this equation must be kept in balance at all times. Assets are presented as economic resources of the entity that are expected to be of future benefit. These resources have two types of claims against them: liabilities – outside claims and owners’ equity – insider claims. See exhibit 1-4 to help present the fact that the two sides must equal. The influence on stockholders’ equity by, paid-in capital, and retained earnings must be explained. Also, the manner in which revenue, expenses and dividends effect retained earnings should be explained. Remember to stress that dividends do not affect net income. They are not subtracted from revenue to determine the net income. Rather, they are subtracted from retained earnings. The financial statements are now to be presented. The Income Statement is the also referred to as the statement of operations because it measures the operating performance. It reports the revenues earned as well as the expenses incurred during a specified period of time. The expenses are subtracted from the revenue to determine the net income/loss for the accounting period. Net income is said to be the single most important item in the financial statements. The Statement of Retained Earnings is prepared after the Income Statement because the net income/loss from the Income Statement is needed to prepare the Statement of Retained Earnings. Retained earnings are simply the portion of the net income that the company has kept in the business. The Statement of Retained Earnings shows the changes that occurred in the retained earnings during the accounting period. Be sure to note that the net income is added to the beginning retained earning balance and the dividends are subtracted in order to determine the ending retained earnings balance. The Balance Sheet is prepared after the Statement of Retained Earnings because the ending retained earnings balance is needed to prepare the Balance Sheet. Statement of Financial Position is another name given to the Balance Sheet because it actually measures the financial position of a company. This statement reports on the assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equity of a company. A good way to help the students understand the information given by the Balance Sheet is to tell them that it gives a quick snapshot view of the financial status of the company on one day. That day is generally the end of the accounting period. The sum of the assets is expected to equal the sum of the liabilities and the stockholders’ equity. See exhibit 1-9. The Statement of Cash Flow measures the cash receipts and payments. This statement reports on cash flows from three major activities: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. The net increase/decrease in cash from these three activities is then determined and added to the beginning cash balance to get the ending cash balance. In the financial statement conclusions it is important make sure the students know the purpose of each financial statement. It is also important that the students know the order of preparation as well as the formulas for each financial statement. Good business requires decision making, which in turn requires the exercise of good judgment. Making good judgments in business in general and accounting in particular should take into account not only economic, but legal and ethical dimensions as well. The last section of the chapter presents an ethical decision making model that is used consistently throughout the rest of the book. Use of the model emphasizes that good decisions are not always based just on the basis of how much money a company can make immediately.

The Renaissance Courtier essays

The Renaissance Courtier essays The Renaissance Courtier was the ideal man. He was very knowledgeable in everything he did. He was muscular and athletic and knowledgeable of all sports, yet he had an appreciation for the arts. He was familiar with all exercises and forms of martial arts. He knew how to use all types of weapons while standing or on horseback, and knew what type of weapon to fight with in different situations. He was well schooled and knew how to read Greek and Latin and read technical language. He was musically inclined and played a variety of instruments for his own amusement. At dances, he was a commendable dancer. The Courtier also liked and was completely loyal to the prince. The Renaissance Courtier had a quiet confidence about him. He didn't walk around the village and gloat about all of his accomplishments, but everyone still knew what he could do. He was very knowledgeable but very content about it. He made everything look effortlessly, but secretly he practiced with a passion to be accomplished at each skill. Basically, there was nothing this guy couldn't do. The Renaissance Courtier was a good friend to all and he got along with everyone. He stood up for others and never put people down. He wouldn't talk about people behind their backs. He did nice deeds and didn't ask for anything in return. He also didn't contradict others. He knew when to express himself and when to be quiet. He was also serious, but he knew how to take a joke. Because of this, he was respected by noblemen and countrymen. During the time of the Renaissance Courtier, the working class did all the laborious work. Basically, the nobles concentrated on perfecting their minds and bodies. Life in the castle was one of cerebral challenges, of continuous education, and a constant search for amusement. Because of the Renaissance, people made time to appreciate the arts. Unlike the countrymen who toiled from dawn to dusk, the Courtier filled his day with classes, discussi...

The impact of relationship between rape victims and men Essay

The impact of relationship between rape victims and men - Essay Example Social stigma as a form of secondary victimization also continues to haunt the rape victims as they move on with their lives after the attack. White & Robinson-Kurpius’ (1999) study revealed that men continued to subscribe to the mythology associated with rape that women/victims are culpable for what had happened to them because of the way they are dressed, their behavior, type of work or sexual experience (p.993). These were then used to rationalize or justify or absolve the acts of the aggression. Victims of sexual assaults experience a range of short and long-term effects such as anxiety and depression (Harris & Valentiner, 2002, p.286). Also associated with the sexual violence various forms and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in majority of the victims. In addition, victims developed problems in interpersonal relationships and social functions (p.286). Victims of sexual violence develop interpersonal functioning problems especially when their pre-traumatic schema differed from the post-traumatic experience. The victims generally avoid sexual activity primarily because they developed a basic distrust towards other people and a misconception and belief in â€Å"random distribution of events.† All these, in addition to a general feeling of discomfort in resuming sexual activity contribute to the reluctance of rape victims to resume normal social relationships (Harris & Valentiner, 2002, p.302). Harris & Valentiner (2002) also noted that extreme self-paranoia is a consequence of â€Å"beliefs that the world and its inhabitants are harmful and that unfortunate events are distributed in a random pattern.†(p.302). Trust is a factor that is lost and the victims usually perceive other people as untrustworthy and dangerous. Self-blame contributes to reduction of self-esteem and most would perceive themselves as â€Å"socially

Foreigners Changing China, 1850-1980 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Foreigners Changing China, 1850-1980 - Essay Example 1 The Chinese were even more ashamed by having to let go of legal jurisdiction over segments of these port cities and over foreigners living in China. Chinese were actually ruled out from amenities and areas managed by foreigners. The Chinese were furthermore compelled under the treaties to enable Western Christian missionaries to proselytize in the inside of the nation. Between the first primary battle, the Opium War of 1839-42, and the early 1900s, the British, French, Germans, Americans, and Japanese competed for "spheres of influence" within China until it absolutely was susceptible to getting "carved up just like a melon." A string of natural calamities (drought and famine) and non-natural adversities (particularly floods from eroding water-control functions, made a whole lot worse by over-reclamation of the wetlands, lowlands, and hill slopes which were essential to handle water runoff) strike China in the late 19th century. The weak point of the country and the disturbances of the overall economy on account of the Western existence left China struggling to make available its massive population. A number of rebellions took place across the nation. The Taiping (185l-1864), Nian (Nien) (1853-1868), Moslem (1855-1873), and Boxer (1898-190l) rebellions all occurred in the second section of the 19th century. In the course of the Taiping Rebellion, rebel factors managed a sizable part of China, and set up their capital in the town of Nanking. The potential of the central government was more destabilized as army power was delegated to the provinces to manage these rebellions. 2 Since the onset of 20th Century, China was considered one of the most popular growing marketplaces for international investment. One approximation of whole international budget put into China in 1938 place it at $2.5 billion, third behind India and Argentina as a focus of creating market investment,

Rhetorical analysis of Sweatshop Oppression Essay

Rhetorical analysis of Sweatshop Oppression - Essay Example In the opening paragraph, Ravisankar says that we are all â€Å"poor college students† (87). Through these words, Ravisankar conveys the message that despite our formal education, we fail to understand the relation between our tendency of low-cost consumerism and the poor wages the employees get in those sweatshops. In other words, ‘we’ are placed first in the list of culprits by Ravisankar. Thereafter, one can observe the use of pathos by Ravisankar. He says that the employees in sweatshops ‘are forced to work 70-80 hours per week making pennies per hour’. In addition, there are ‘unsanitary bathrooms, poor ventilation, and extreme heat upward of 90 degrees’ (86). Evidently, this description sufficiently informs the readers about the pathetic situation prevailing in such sweatshops. Thereafter, Ravisankar depends on logos to disprove the claim that the fight against sweatshops has adverse impact on the poor in developed countries as companies change their locations when there is opposition from labor right activists and trade unions. Here, Ravisankar uses the logic that trade unions and labor right activists are not against the location of the companies but against the inhuman activities prevailing there. He alleges that the companies shift their location because they want to find cheap labor in another location. From the very beginning, one can see the use of ethos. Throughout the essay, he relates sweatshops with the inhuman situations in the said companies. At first, he says ‘we’ are responsible for this inhuman condition as we are crazy about ‘low-cost’ products. Thereafter, he describes how pathetic is the condition of employees in such sweatshops. After contradicting the claim that anti-sweatshop campaign adversely affects the poor workers, he asserts that the companies are the ones to be blamed. It is their zest for excessive profit that creates such a situation. Now, as ‘we’- ‘the poor

The Difference Between Training And Development

The Difference Between Training And Development According to the text, it can be seen the distinction among training and development, such as description base on the case make us enable to acquire a better perspective about the meaning of the terms. Training refers to the imparting specific skill with the acquisition of knowledge in order for a person to carry out in a specific task or job. Also with the training process there are some advantages that bring on into a company such as: Improving class and amount of employees in their output Increase the ownership in the businesses, creating on them a stronger link with the company (Tesco) Becoming more organized, productive and flexible and more able to face new needs in internal and external situations Makes feel the employee more loyal, committed to the organization by educating him about by culture, philosophy and policies from the organization. Coming out with new abilities and skills in all employees such as empower staff, better standards. Development it is more about helping the person grow and extend their abilities; refers to the learning opportunities designed to help employees to grow (K. Aswathappa 194p) It can be seen that in tesco as an example they share responsibilities among training and development, because each trainee is responsible for his or her own development, causative to their personal development. Also the development its a process that work out together between employee and managers, creating an interaction where the manager its the one that will help the employee to achieve certain goals, but also more responsibilities on the trainee. In the development process are more focus in the personality of and individual, where its continuous, generating an internal motivation where the people will be ready to meet his future needs. It is very important to analyze that tesco adopts the needs of the customers, reading then in the way that they could satisfy them, giving them what they want. In this way its important to see, how tesco is expanding and having more diversity in their merchandise trying to provide to the customers in all the ways, such as airlines, banking, electrical goods, insurance, and so on. Also they are creating the possibility t give them the possibility of one stop shopping, get whatever they want (the times100, 1 case study) So because of the widening markets that they have, its very important that they need to have a well trainee staff that can recognize the needs of their customer. Also with the training, they improve the knowledge and their skills for the job making for them a muck more qualify worker than can be able to provide the best service. As every body now tesco is a very large company, that is making a lot of openings every day, and where all their store are not located in the same areas, and does not have the same customers, for this reason they use the market segmentation to identify, analyze the market, therefore they can realize what is the demand and the goods that the customer want getting this from the customer profile, with this they can be ahead to see what they would need and what kind of employees will fit more or even what training the will need to provide to be more productive in the businesses and give the best service. 3.0 METHOD LIST THE METHODS OF TRAINING CARRIED OUT BY TESCO. DESCRIBE HOW TRAINING NEEDS ARE INDETIFY Tesco offers two different training methods, which give the possibility to then employee to explore their abilities and take the best for it. On the job training: this is by the far the most important training method, under this method training takes place in the normal work location, he new employee its allocate to a specific job, he or she its instructed by an experience worker or by a special supervisor who explain him how the things work, with this method the employees does not only learn how to work under guidance also produce goods, its inexpensive, also relate the employee with the environment in the workplace (P C Reddy, P C Tripathi 196p) In tesco there are some steps that it will be describe: Shadowing: working together with the managers, learning how to do the things Coaching: trying to help the people out into situation of any kind to work thought to get some solutions. Mentoring: guide and advise new employees Job rotation: basically is when the employee has the opportunity to move around into the different branches to get new skills and get more experience. Also this method give some advantages to the company like: cheaper than others method to the company. Manager can observe the improve of the employees and also can solve issues The employee during the training period is producing goods or working, so its productive for the company. The employee can show what she or he learns and put that in practice. Off the job training: its more focus in training in specific skills or for the individual development in certain areas such as, team building, communication and so. Also it is provide with some external courses that brings the opportunities to tescos staff the possibility to learn and gain more knowledge from expert and professional people. This method is compose by an: induction start from day one, and its when the managers introduce them to business showing them how its compose, targets etc, giving them the opportunity to learn quickly about the company. According to tesco needs, is a company that is expanding their businesses all around the country and also around the world and analyzing and reading the profile of their customer give them the chance to be ahead while process of marketing, In the other hand the company looks for people with different skills and abilities to be more competitive and deliver a better performance with innovation and new products. With the idea of hire people of different backgrounds, show to the people that tesco is a place where everybody can fit and also expose to the people that is a place where they can fin people from everywhere that can bring some ideas, get closer to the people giving them a nice service make them happy to have them back. 4.0 COMPARISON ANALYSE TESCOS METHOD OF DEVELOPING ITS EMPLOYEES.CONSIDER THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF SUCH A PROGAMME. As is well know tesco has development programs that help people out to get involve in the company and is base of this points: -According to the strategy of the company and what they needs are, they concur to create ways to achieve those aims. -Also another important point is the attendance at those courses that the employee is in, it is very important being that because is easy to get in use to with the work environment. -Recording the performance of the employee makes much more easier to see their improve in the process, giving to the manager or guide -With the advises of what they have done, its helpful in the way that it can be uses as a re feeding for the employee to realize how are they doing right or wrong. So with this method the company provide full support to all the employees, in all the topics and areas, because as they said Recruiting new staff its more expensive than retaining new staff (the times100, 2009,Tesco case study) It can be said, development programmers also usually includes elements of planned study and experience, and frequently supported by a coaching or counseling facility (D, Nickson, 154p). Following this it can be seen that this method has some strengths and weaknesses that help in the process of the employee to success or to fail, whether the companies can provide the all program but also depends on the employee, according to this it will be show the characteristics: Gives the opportunity to the employee to get growth in abilities of leading, managing, and working in the shop whit the advantage to get operation skills. Offer to people apprenticeship or encouraging the studying or planning for a qualification whilst at work (Tesco) With this program their employees could be more productive and valuable to the company in long term, whit this actions, they can give secure and confident to their employee, showing them that they are important for the company and motivating them, so they will understand how useful they are for the company. Helping the people to learn much more quickly how to do the jobs guiding them. Improve the performance of the employee at work keeping them update with all the new staff. Also this can be a good way to attract good workers, that ones nice and good work expectations But in other hand this program has some disadvantages that can be attach to this plan such as the budget that they have to spent, because those programmers could be out of their, or in the other they might have the problem that people would not sing in the courses making the company just waste the money. Mix of knowledge, as all now development is the process to help people to grow and extend their abilities, but people can bring their old baggage so that could create misunderstandings with the others, implementing their old or previous knowledge that might fit or not in the new place. Time, it is a factor that is important to remark, being an essential part of any process , because some companies are not able to wait until the employees learn, understand and get ready, so it will become a fight against time, so does it play a significant role. 5.0 BENEFITS EVALUATE THE BENEFITS FOR TESCO IN PROVIDING A STRUCTURED TRAINING PROGRAMME.TO WHAT EXTEN DO YOU THINK THE TRAINING HAS ACHIEVED A RETURN ON INVESMESNT. Tescos programs have been created with the aim of train and develop their staff, and with it, gives the chance to monitoring and evaluated their process according to their performance. As it can be seen this method bring the opportunity to see how the performance of the employee is, giving to them a better and solid feedback providing more order a better focus aim and also construct a better confident in the employee making them aware of their performance. Also in the way that with this process they can measure and analyze better what they have done in al their activities such as activities plans, personal development plans, and so. More over about this gives the chance to expand their view and have a wide vision in the way that other department can give a feedback, so they can improve and do better performance in the case that they might need. Has interaction between management and employee during their training giving them the possibility to express themselves. The aim of training its t improve knowledge and skills in an individuals changing their attitudes, it is one of the most important potential motivators, with it can lead to so many benefits in training(J. Mullins 489P) such as: Motivate the staff, raising their confident and commitment the more to the company, obtaining from them a better performance. Give them the chance to have a career progression also with the felling of personal achievement, so the training will provide them with the chance to get recognition and also progress and see what they have done. Helping them out also to progress and develop their abilities, skills and knowledge by giving them the right tools. Its morally wrong to give a leadership role without some of training wring from them and those who work with them J.Adair. The path to leadership I do think that all companies do the training with the aim invest in themselves and also in people, as it can be seen that now everything and markets are more competitive they need to make the difference, and how this can be possible? By giving them the opportunities to improve, be better, teach them, and after all evaluate them and use what they have learned, making all the process go trough. So I do think that afterwards the training process is when the company will see the results for all what they have done for their staff that later on will give back with their job and productivity. 6.0 CONCLUSION to summarized this report it can be seen that tesco and any other company needs to have the right training being that is an important lever to bring improvement, changes to the company and staff. Also it can be seen how tesco focus in their staff trying to provide to them the best and the most qualify training with the aim of expand their business but also with the concern that first need to have the right people, to the right job at in the right moment, and how this can be possible, whit the right an adequate training and development program. 7.0 REFRENCES Aswathappa, K (2005) Human resource and personal management. Mc Graw Hill. (pp195) P C Tripathi P N Reddy (2008) Principals of management, Mc Graw Hill (pp196) D Nickson (2002) Human resource management for the hospitality and tourism industries, Elsevier (pp 154) Tesco(2009) How training and development support business growth The time 100, 2009 L J Mullins (2009) Management and organizational behaviour Prentice Hall, (pp489,)

osmosis :: essays research papers

Aim: The aim of this experiment is to investigate the movement of water into and out of plant cells by osmosis. The cells chosen for study will be taken from potato tubes as they provide a ready supply of homogeneous material. I did the investigation in two parts, the first part of my investigation was my preliminary investigation and then I did my official investigation. In both of my investigations there are several similarities, such as fair testing, variables, key variables, reliability of evidence and safety precautions. In both of my investigation there were obviously some differences which were in the method, apparatus, results and means of measuring etc. Essential Background Reading Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water. Movement of substances takes place through the cell membrane, which separates the different substances in the cell from its surroundings. This type of membrane allows small molecules such as water to pass through it, but it denies entry to large particles to pass. This membrane is called a partially permeable membrane. The amount of water inside a cell is called water potential. Turgor is the name given when osmosis takes place between the cytoplasm and the solution outside the cell. This happens when a plant cell is placed in a high concentrated solution of water, water then passes through the cell wall, the cell membrane, and the cytoplasm and into the vacuole. The increased pressure of water inside the vacuole is called Turgor pressure. Then the cell becomes turgid. Plasmolysis is the opposite of turgor. This happens when plant cells may be placed in a less concentrated solution of water, although this is very unlikely to happen in nature. Water passes out of the vacuole, the cytoplasm, the cell membrane and the cell wall and into the solution outside the cell. The pressure of the vacuole on the cytoplasm decreases until the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall. Diagrams I have illustrated the diagrams of turgor and Plasmolysis on a separate page. Fair Testing This is when the result is only related to the variable being tested. For e.g. if there are six variables, five variables must be kept identically the same and only one is changed/tested to see how this affects the outcome. This is ensuring that this investigation shall only be testing one variable (Key Variable).

Constitution Timeline Essay

Our founding Fathers had a vision in mind when writing the Constitution to ensure all citizens of the United States were treated equally and fairly. The Constitution was also to place rules and guidelines in place so that not one person or government politician would have full control. It was to be a country for the citizens’ where they have a voice in what takes place and in the way it is managed. There were many items that influenced the Constitution and had a significance that contributed to it. I’ll start with the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta was an English Charter that was issued in 1215. Its purpose was to limit government authority. It is considered one of the most important documents in the establishment of democracy; its influence is clearly seen in the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights. (GCU, 2012) The Magna Carta also represented several ideas, one in which is the significant innocent until proven guilty. Others include; right of individuals to know the charges filed against them, right to judgment by peers before imprisonment, and right to be represented by an attorney. The Magna Carta is evident in the Constitution by the limiting of government authority. It was the founding Fathers purpose to not let any one person or political group have complete control. But, to include the citizens in the say of how things worked and were ran. Second, is the Mayflower Compact which was issued in 1620. It was the first governing document that was passed because settlers agreed to abide by the rules of the government. It consisted of two essential elements; it reveals the promise that America, as it develops, is to be built upon Christian principles and a government of law, not men. It enjoins upon the government to enact constitutionally equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most just and convenient for the general good of the people. (Digest, 1951) The Mayflower Compact came about by the settlers coming over on the Mayflower, when they realized that the earlier settlers had failed when it came to guiding their developments. The settlers wanted to be successful in their developments and be fair to everyone; by treating everyone equally. Its contribution to the Constitution is the Christian faith and the equality of all people. Without this, we may be treated differently by the amount of money we make or even because of our race. This ensured everyone the same opportunities in our country and rules to live by. Third, is the Declaration of Independence. It was passed in 1776 adapting resolutions of endorsing independence. It all started from the French and Indian War, the British Parliament wanted the colonists to pay for the war. The colonists however believed that they should not have to pay taxes in which they did not believe in. The colonists wanted to voice their concerns but were denied by the British Parliament. From this, came the revolutionary cry No Taxation without Representation. This is when a committee of 5 was formed and the Declaration was formed. It declared all colonies free from the British Parliament and declared all colonies to be free and independent states. The most radical idea advanced by the American Revolutionaries was the proposition set forth in the Declaration of Independence that â€Å"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain Unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† (Mintz, 2012) Its contribution to the Constitution is the free and independent states along with the separation from British Parliament. Without this, we probably would not have our 50 different states. We would more than likely still be running and operating with the British Parliament as one big nation. This allowed colonists to be individualized, independent, and free to set their own government rules and regulations. Fourth, is the Articles of Confederation. It was signed in 1777 and was the first governing document of the newly formed nation. This turned the colonies into a confederation. The articles explained individual states rights; defined the rights of the central government; and declared the Articles could only be changed with ratification of all state legislatures. (GCU, 2012) It also specifies how the national government is to operate. Under the Articles the states were more powerful than the central government, which consisted only of a Congress. Each state had one vote in Congress, with that vote determined by a delegation of from two to seven representatives. Though the Congress had the authority to regulate foreign affairs, wage war, and maintain the postal system, it had no power to levy and collect taxes or regulate interstate commerce. (West 2005) The contribution to the Constitution is defining the rules and regulations of the government. Without rules and regulations, many states would have been run not equal or even without any rules. This would cause many states to be a mess and not have regulation. These articles played a huge part in how our government runs today by giving different members of Congress votes and not having a certain group where they can run everything. Last, is the Federalist Papers. These were papers written between 1787 and 1788 arguing for the ratification of the Constitution that was published in newspapers. There were approximately 85 papers written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. All three of the authors drew from their extensive experience in national politics and the military and diplomatic struggle for independence. Their purpose was to clarify and explain the provisions of the Constitution, expounding its benefits over the existing system of government under the articles of confederation. (West, 2005) There were 3 influential articles that included: strong republic and addresses how to guard against factions, establishes separation of powers and introduces the idea of checks and balances, and expressed opposition to what eventually became the Bill of Rights. The contribution to the Constitution is probably the most influential from these papers. All of them were influential and resulted in the 9th and 10th amendments to the Constitution. There were many factors that played a major role in the development of our nations Constitution. These listed above were only a few but many were the most influential. I personally am thankful to live in a country that has rules and guidelines and allows us as citizens to be a part of the voting process. It is our right to vote and have a say in how we think our money should spent or how things are ran in our state. Regardless of which law passes or fails, we are all treated equally in the eyes of the law and are all here because our founding Fathers took the time out to create a document that laid out guidelines for us and many generations to come to live by. In the words of Washington, â€Å"Let us Raise to the standard to which the wise and honest can repair; the rest is in the hands of God.† (Digest, 1951) REFERENCES Grand Canyon University. (2012). Retrieved November 29, 2012, from POS 301 Lecture 1 Notes: www.gcu.edu THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT. (1951). Congressional Digest, 30(6/7), 171-172. Mintz, D. S. (2012). Digital History. Retrieved November 29, 2012 , from Declaration of Independence: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=149 â€Å"Articles of Confederation.† West’s Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437704858.html â€Å"Federalist Papers.† West’s Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437701784.html